How to Get Payday Loans Online – Get a Loan Right Now!

The ability to obtain instant payday loans online has become quite popular. It is quite easy to fill out the online form. Normally, it takes less than an hour for approval and approval is gained without a credit check. It is important to check each payday loans company for verification with the Better Business Bureau in one’s local area. If the company one has chosen is not registered, it is a good idea to continue his or her search till he or she has found a registered company in good standing.Reputable companies understand that there is a need for financial services for those who cannot borrow traditional loans. However, many individuals seek out payday loans online in Ontario without first checking the background of the lending company. It is important to do a thorough search before settling on the company with which to do business.The concept of payday loans is that an individual can obtain much-needed cash deposited instantly into his or her bank account that will enter repayment on his or her next payday. The interest rates will rise as the length of time till repayment is extended, that is why it is important to pay back these short-term loans as soon as possible. The application process is very simple and streamlined and states all terms and conditions in plain English.For those individuals that do not know what a cash advance loan is, it is a short-term loan that is also known as a cash advance loan. These are great ways to borrow for those that cannot or do not want to borrow with a traditional lender, such as a bank or credit union. There are higher interest rates due to the convenience of this type of loan and a shorter repayment period. The term of the loan is normally seven to twenty-one days after receiving the funds.If an individual has had credit problems in the past, there is also a payday loan just for them. For those who simply need help arranging their finances, credit counseling services could be just what they need.Applying for payday loans online has never been simpler, with shorter forms and more online lenders to choose from. If one believes that this may be the right road for him or her to take, simply research the company before giving out any personal information.The world is experiencing economic hardship right now. No jobs, housing market at a standstill and no end in sight makes it difficult to hold out hope for the future. North America seems to be worse off for those that live there, even is feeling the strain. With no end in sight to the economic plight, where does one go for extra funds when they are needed? For citizens, extra cash for unexpected expenditures comes in the form of payday loans online.When a person’s paycheck is weeks away, but car repairs or emergency medical treatment is needed, having cash on hand really helps. If a person does not have extra cash for such items, then it can be disastrous. That is when a payday loan can pull a person through a rough time.All a person has to do is go online and provide information like, citizenship, employment, checking account with bank, drivers’ license, and contact numbers. Once the information is verified, a person can have a loan in a matter of hours.There are no hidden fees to worry about once a person accepts the loan. That can be frustrating to think that everything is all taken care of and then are slammed with another fee. Payday loans online is up front about fees when a person applies so there are no surprises later.Some establishments may charge processing fees, not so with a cash advance loan. Applying is free and takes only a few minutes of a person’s time in the comfort of his or her home.A person does not have to worry that unscrupulous people may get a hold of his or her personal information either. Payday loans online keeps a person’s information strictly confidential. They understand a person’s nervousness about giving out personal information and make sure it is much safeguarded.One of the best parts about applying online is how simple and fast the approval process works. Once approved, the money is wired directly to a person’s account and ready to be used. Repayment works the same way, it is electronically deducted from a person’s account; no muss, no fuss. Payday loans online makes getting needed extra cash hassle-free. When a person needs cash, he or she should apply online with a payday loan facility in your town.It used to be quite difficult to obtain a payday loan, but now, with the advent of the internet and payday loans, this is something that more and more people are checking into. This is not to say that more are experiencing financial troubles, even with the global economic crisis; it simply means that now that these loans are easier to obtain, more people are qualified to receive them.Experts are saying that more individuals than ever before are choosing payday loans for the ease of the application process. This was not so even just a few years ago because of the length of time it took for approval, and many times, properly qualified people were still turned down. Also, back then, your credit had a lot to do with your acceptance, as well; but, all that has changed, and no longer do payday loan centers require a background or credit check.Also, thanks to the internet’s ability to put people in instant contact with various businesses, it is easier than ever before to obtain payday loans. In fact, the entire application procedure has been lessened to just a couple of hours. Imagine, in a little over two hours, you could have the money you need in hand. This is why obtaining payday loans online has become the new way to obtain the funding needed for your emergency.Of course, there are still the skeptics out there who believe that payday loans may not be for them. Rightly so, as it does sound as if the lending agencies are just handing out free money; however, there are qualifications that one still has to possess and it is certainly not free money. Not only must it be paid back in a much shorter time frame than a traditional loan, but it also has loan fees attached to it for the right to borrow the money. These loans are quite efficient for those finding themselves in a financial debacle, but they do come with a certain price.The greatest thing about payday loans is the fact that you do not have to suffer through a financial setback any longer. You do not have to look at life as though you need to worry what will happen with your next monetary emergency. Payday loans can help you get rid of your financial problems efficiently.
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Criminal Justice – Why Study Anti-Social Behaviour?

In the UK, “anti-social behaviour” and “ASBOs” (Anti-Social Behaviour Orders) have increasingly become crime-related buzzwords over the last ten years. This has been a consequence of the Labour government’s introduction of a civil order as punishment for those who are disorderly (i.e. ranging from being a noisy neighbour to being verbally abusive), this prevents the individual from going to certain places and talking to certain people after it is issued.Subsequently, Anti-Social Behaviour is increasingly becoming a subject studied on criminal justice courses, and a module in its own right. So why should one consider studying Anti-Social Behaviour? And what can we expect from such a course or module?One of the reasons the phrases: “anti-social behaviour” and “ASBO” have become such popular terms is a result of the significant amount of criticism that mounted via the public and media over the last 10 years. This, of course, is one of the reasons the subject is so ripe for debate in the classroom. After all, is the zealous hand-out of a civil order really making a difference on crime? Or can they actually make our streets safer? And how about those who have received them for such, seemingly, lawful acts as playing football?Such questions are frequent at the inception of any new government attempt to drive down crime, yet anti-social behaviour orders have also been the stimulus for an intriguing trend within certain communities – further highlighting their futility. After their introduction, it soon became clear that ASBOs were becoming something of a ‘badge of honour’ to some people, or as Elizabeth Burney argues in ‘Talking Tough, Acting Coy’, an “emblem of punitive populism”. Such trends are of great interest to those with an interest in criminal justice – due both to the development of social response to law on a community and national level, as well as arguable failure of such orders.Expectedly, a module or course with a focus on anti-social behaviour will spend some study time on discussing how ASBOs are issued, and what type of actions an individual has to do to deserve one – an aspect of the subject that seems to differ from area to area. Such debate has been borne from the diversity of reasons given by courts for issuing ASBOs, i.e. more intriguing reasons have included flyposting, suicide attempts, and even kicking a football over a fence. Discussion on the reasons for ASBOs and the reasons for they way the work to be re-addressed are, therefore, perfect for those with an interest in law and criminal justice to formulate opinions on a very relevant and “close-to-home” issue.Additionally, anti-social behaviour modules and courses also study the impact of civil orders on safety and crime in communities from different areas (i.e. urban and rural), as well as on a national level – and question the methods and the necessity for them. This, I would say, is one of the most fundamental aspects of studying anti-social behaviour – it is a direct insight into the complexities of crime and law on a multitude of levels: the individual, the family, the community, the region, and the country. And it is an aspect of criminal justice that is set to change significantly over the next few years.
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An Entrepreneurial Development Framework for Institutions of Higher Education

Introduction

With increased globalization people have seen the need to increase wealth creation especially within the underdeveloped Third World. It has also become evident that neither the government nor the formal sector can supply the necessary job creation without a sustained effort and partnerships between all sectors of the economy. One means of creating work opportunities will be the development of entrepreneurial and innovative skills within the country. The creation of such job opportunities by encouraging entrepreneurial innovation has been well illustrated by Dana, Korot and Tovstiga (2005:12) in Silicon Valley, Israel, Singapore and the Netherlands. These authors report that in the narrow 35 mile by 10 mile corridor within Silicon Valley 6,500 technology enterprises are located. Singapore is home to almost 100,000 entrepreneurs and had a per capita GDP of US$42,948.00 during 2004 and an annual growth rate of 8.8% (Singapore Statistics, 2006).

In addition higher education has become a prime export commodity of total world services trade, amounting to a staggering 3% (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:5). With the increased interest in entrepreneurial innovation as an economic driver there is a need to develop expertise within this area. Thus there is a need to develop entrepreneurial innovation knowledge within higher education institutions to ensure the maintenance of a competitive edge in an under developed market. Dana, et al. (2005:10) define knowledge as “the integration of information, ideas, experience, intuition, skills and lessons learned that creates added value for a firm”. In addition Dana et el. (2005) define innovation as “the process by which knowledge is transformed into new or significantly modified products and/or services that establish the firm’s competitive edge”. It can thus be seen that it is imperative that higher education in South Africa actively pursue a policy to encourage entrepreneurial innovation to ensure the creation of expertise, the development of new industries and the empowering of students to establish themselves within an entrepreneurial innovative culture. Higher education will be required to become a key player in domesticating knowledge and diffusing it into the economy in order to serve as engines for community development and social renewal (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:6).

Problem statement

The research question under discussion is formulated as What minimum requirements should be set in an entrepreneurial and innovation framework in order to support entrepreneurial and innovation knowledge creation at institutions of higher education?

Purpose

This article attempts to develop a framework to encourage entrepreneurial thinking within a higher education environment, taking into account consideration policy and infrastructural requirements, knowledge creation fundamentals and institutional arrangements.

Policy intervention

Policy initiatives within higher education institutions are essential to establish guidance for entrepreneurs, funding agencies, industry, labour in general and for students and institutions of higher education in particular. From a higher education perspective government as well as institutional policy requirements will be discussed in brief.

·Government policies

If this is to be accomplished it will require government intervention to construct policies which should include the reduction of taxation in the form of capital gains tax rate, providing incentives for increased spending on research and development, encouraging active venture capital markets, an alteration of the ‘hiring and firing’ labour regulations, and encouraging the spending on new technology shares (Da Rin, Nicodano & Sembenelli, 2005:8).

·The higher education institution policies

The higher education institution must provide a working atmosphere in which entrepreneurship can thrive. Venkataraman (2003:154) proposes that it is not merely the injection of capital that enhances the development of entrepreneurship. Rather, it is the tangible infrastructural essentials such as capital markets, advanced telecommunications, sound legal and transportation systems. In addition, intangible components must be in place. These intangibles are access to novel ideas, informal forums, role models, region specific opportunities, access to large markets, safety nets and executive leadership. As policy within the institution is developed it must consider and include a planning process to accommodate these essentials.

Policy must also augment the entrepreneurial culture within the higher education institution as a new mindset of students must be established from one of expecting to be employed, to one of providing work opportunities for others. Technology licensing offices (TLOs) must be established at the higher education institutions. Stanford University sponsored research expenditures of US$391 million generated 25 TLO start ups in 1997 (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:209). An investment in patent rights by the higher education institutions will ensure future capital investments into the institution. Intellectual property (IP) policies should be framed so as to capture the wealth generated and to distribute it equitably between investors, partners, the university and the entrepreneur. Such rewards will generate future interest for both the investors and the entrepreneurs. Policies, procedures and network contacts to capture venture capital must be established.

Research and Development policies in entrepreneurship must be refined and focused. Currently, the focus of entrepreneurial research at Tshwane University of Technology in South Africa falls within the three niche areas of business clustering, business development and management of innovation. In each of these niche areas it will be necessary to develop Masters and Doctorate programmes in entrepreneurship and innovation. This in turn will mean a need for the improvement of the staff qualification profile within these areas. Along with the Masters and Doctorate programmes, accredited research outputs must be produced in entrepreneurship and innovation (Grundling & Steynberg, 2006:6). In addition to the Masters degrees in Entrepreneurship and the Masters degree in Comparative Local Development, a Masters degree in Cognitive Reasoning should be considered for the future. Such a course should include a thorough foundation in finance reasoning along with creative thinking and business planning.

Institutional structures to be established

The higher education institution will have to establish itself as a seamless knowledge node into which a variety of parties can contribute. Parties contributing to such a knowledge node might include industrial partners, specialists from industry, relevant government agencies, foreign investors, community forums, labour unions, academic specialists, research foundations, funding agencies, students and potential entrepreneurs. Such a node would provide the necessary contact between entrepreneurs, funding agencies, industry and labour. This will ensure exposure of research and innovative ideas to the relevant parties. It would also provide a relevant export/import platform for entrepreneurship within the country. In addition to this, regular colloquia should be held to allow potential entrepreneurs to expose their innovative ideas to the funding agencies. An information network connecting entrepreneurs to venture capitalists should be established within this knowledge node.

Such forums would allow industrial partners to present commercially-oriented research proposals to the higher education institution which funding agencies in turn would be willing to fund. Gregorio and Shane (2003:212) also emphasize the need for the higher education institution to demonstrate intellectual eminence. It is suggested that better quality researchers are more likely to exploit inventions than lesser qualified researchers. The intellectual eminence also makes it easier for researchers involved to start enterprises and to exploit their inventions (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:212). In addition, more eminent researchers provide a better knowledge base and this in turn will attract better qualified researchers and students. To ensure an intellectual eminence of their outputs, higher education institutions should select students carefully.

The higher education institution should also encourage the development of incubators, either close to the institution or close to the involved industry. This will certainly influence the start up capital expenditure. Gregorio and Shane (2003:213) suggest that such incubators would allow entrepreneurs to “ripen” technologies in close proximity to inventors and specialists.

The establishment of technology parks could be instituted at the institution. Dana, et al. (2005:12) report that the first technology parks were established in the Netherlands. It is hardly surprising that the Netherlands is one of the leading nations in promoting entrepreneurship, comparing favourably with Israel, Singapore and Silicone Valley. Perhaps such parks could be established in conjunction with the government and serve to expose students to the entrepreneurial culture.

Information networks connecting entrepreneurs to venture capitalists should be established within the higher education institution. Dushnitsky and Lenox (2004:618) reinforce this view. Gregorio and Shane (2003:214) also recommend that in exchange for taking an equity stake in TLO start-ups the institution should pay patenting, marketing or other up-front costs. These measures would encourage the formation of start-up enterprises. Furthermore, locating a higher education institutional foundation presence in physical proximity to the enterprises donating the capital might be an advantage (Gregorio & Shane, 2003:211).

Strategy to develop an entrepreneurial innovative culture

·Re-curriculation of syllabi within Entrepreneurship programmes

When training entrepreneurs two realms of knowledge should be recognized, “tacit” and “explicit”. “Explicit knowledge is easily identifiable, easy to articulate, capture and share. By contrast, tacit knowledge consists predominately of intuition, feelings, perceptions and beliefs, often difficult to express and therefore difficult to capture and transfer. Of the two, tacit knowledge carries the greater value in that it is the essence of innovation” (Dana et al., 2005:10). Perhaps an illustration given by Ali (2001:339) serves to illustrate the difference between the skills involved in producing an artifact. The engineer is a man of action developing mental skills but seldom having the opportunity to develop manual skills. The craftsman uses his hands more than his head, tools more than instruments and rarely uses science or mathematics. Both are geared towards inventing. The engineer is concerned with ideas and artifacts, while the craftsman is concerned with the making of artefacts. The craftsman has no ready made methods and the technique is devised during the process. The engineer draws mainly on explicit scientific skills while the craftsman draws on intuitive, tacit knowledge. This person is involved in the creation of something new, an innovative skill. The engineer’s plans and blueprints might well involve tactic knowledge.

In curriculum design one must recognize the difference between infrastructure supporting recursive skills which are typically routine in nature and infrastructure supporting the nurturing of innovation and making skills. These involve designing, innovating, communicating in groups, problem solving, face-to-face communication, idea generation and group-work (Ali, 2001:41). Brown and Duguid (1991) quoted by Ali (2001:342) make use of the expression “communities of practice” to describe the social context for developing work, learning and innovation. Lin, Li and Chen (2004:4) and Markman and Baron (2003:291) make use of the term “social capital” to describe the ability to establish networks of supporting relationships. This ability is seen as a means of mobilizing environmental resources to overcome obstacles and threats within the entrepreneurial process. Others have noted how important social capital is in the creation of new business ventures. Lin, et al. (2004:4) recognize the need for formal and informal funding relationships within the business environment. Such entrepreneurs are termed “business angels” for they gain access to required resources, such as capital investors, suitable distributors and talented employees from the external environment. Lin, et al. (2004:6) thus regard social capital as “entrepreneurial social infrastructure”. Harris, Forbes and Fletcher (2000:125-126) suggest that planning “dampens” the entrepreneurial spirit and that emergent problems tended to be better training triggers than planned approaches. It is proposed that the learning style for entrepreneurs should be one using facilitators, learning by doing, interactive classroom approaches, peer group work, problem solving, grasping opportunities and holistic approaches. It is recommended that inputs should be made by outside speakers and entrepreneurs (Harris, et al., 2000:126). Johnson (1987:31, in Harris et al., 2000) states that an entrepreneur’s planned approach to any problem should be problem awareness, problem diagnosis, the development of solutions and the selection of a solution. Once again the need for “an emergent” approach rather than a “planned approach” is emphasized. In addition, Harris, et al. (2000:133) emphasize the need for long standing close relationships in the development of the entrepreneur. Such partners can share vision, and serve as sounding boards for ideas and concerns. These relationships are vital for the development of innovative thinking. The findings suggest that entrepreneurs must be trained in a less structured way, which involve group work, class discussions, specialist input, a concentration of social skills, communicating and conflict management. The methodology must involve face to face contact and the developing of lasting relationships.

Another factor that should be written into the curriculum is the ability to deal with problems that arise and then to reschedule goals so as to accommodate the new situation. This is clearly illustrated by Ireland, Kuratko and Morris (2006:12) showing the presence of internal and external triggers of corporate entrepreneurship. External triggers that encourage entrepreneurship arise from developments in the external environment. These include diminishing opportunities, rapid changes in technology, labour shortages, aggressive moves by competitors, change in the market structure or regulatory threats. Internal triggers include employee rewards, directives from managers, tension between staff, problems with cost control, etc. Ireland, et al. (2006:12). Triggers for entrepreneurship may be summed up in the statement “necessity is the mother of invention”. This once again emphasis the need for trainers to concentrate on the entrepreneurial process rather than the content, with particular emphasis on change, the unexpected and resolving problems that emerge within any particular process.

Markman and Baron (2003:288) regard self-efficacy as an important success factor in developing entrepreneurs. Self-efficacy is defined as “the extent to which persons believe that they can organize effectively, execute actions to produce given attainments” (Bandura, 1997 quoted by Markman and Baron 2003:288). Successful entrepreneurs will have high self-efficacy and tend to believe that their actions will lead to a successful venture. It is also suggested that entrepreneurs need to recognize opportunities from possible businesses. In addition it is suggested that entrepreneurs need perseverance and need to be able to overcome adversity and uncertainty. The curriculum should thus contain training on self esteem, reliability, perseverance, overcoming setbacks, having a vision, setting goals and rescheduling if things go wrong.

Boussouara and Deakins (1999:204) suggest that a gradual approach into a high technology business can be an advantage in that it allows time to develop contacts, strategy, and networks as well as gives time to acquire funding and income. The latter authors emphasize the need to acquire market-based knowledge for a successful business (Boussouara & Deakins, 1999:205). It is thus recommended that networks and external business agents present relevant market research to the trainees. These findings should be brainstormed and shared in the larger group.

Conclusion

In this article an attempt has been made to develop a framework for the development of entrepreneurial thinking within a higher education environment. This framework needs to be supported by government policy initiatives and include taxation incentives for entrepreneurs, encouraging investment in research and development, incentives for industry for active venture capital and alterations to the labour law to accommodate small entrepreneurial industries. In addition techno-parks should be developed in conjunction with government to expose students to the entrepreneurial culture.

Research should be done within the business development niche area to investigate these policies and communicate the needs to government. If government officials are participating in the knowledge node it might provide the necessary exposure to government.

Policy initiatives from within the higher education institution should establish the knowledge node which should include academic specialists, research foundations, relevant government officials, industrial partners, specialists from industry, foreign investors, community forums, labour unions, funding agencies, students and potential entrepreneurs. Information networks connecting entrepreneurs to venture capitalists should be established within this knowledge node. Intellectual Property policies should be developed by the business development niche area to ensure that possible TLO start-ups within the higher education institution are protected and that patenting, marketing or other up-front costs are paid by the higher education institution or associated enterprises. The higher education institution could liaise with the Innovation Hub established in conjunction with the CSIR. A cooperation agreement could benefit both parties. Research should be carried out by the business clustering niche area to select the most appropriate combinations and networking within the knowledge node.

To ensure intellectual eminence the correct researchers, academics and industrialists should be chosen within the entrepreneurship cluster. Incubators and TLOs should be founded to “ripen’ developing technologies and to form small innovative industries. Research within this area could be done by the niche areas business development and management of innovation.

A funding agency for the entrepreneurship innovation (previously termed the institutional foundation) could be located close to the industry partners for fundraising. All three niche areas should be actively networked with industries on an ongoing basis, communicating needs and proposals.

A teaching strategy should be developed to foster tacit knowledge development. Group work, problem solving, idea generation, innovating, designing and face to face communication should be extensively used. Smaller classrooms need to be utilized allowing for group work. Curricula should include topics like self efficacy, perseverance and the need to overcome adversity. In addition market-based knowledge should be presented by specialists from the industry on an ongoing basis. Networking should be a normal part of the curriculum and will allow venture capitalists to be connected to the innovations developed within the knowledge node.

If South Africa and institutions of higher education do not see the need to develop entrepreneurship within all communities, people may be delegated to a life of poverty, with no opportunity to work or to develop South Africa’s rich natural resources for future generations.

References

ALI, Y. 2001. The intranet and the management of making and using skills. Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(4):338-348.

BANDURA, A. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co.

BOUSSOUARA, M. & DEAKINS, D. 1999. Market-based learning, entrepreneurship and the high technology small firm. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. 5(4):204-223.

BROWN, J.S. & DUGUID, P. 1991. Organisational learning and community-of-practice; towards a unified view of working, learning and innovation. Organization Science, 2(1):40-57.

DANA, L-P., KOROT, L. & TOVSTIGA, G. 2005. A cross-national comparison of knowledge management practices. International Journal of Manpower, 26(1):10-22.

DA RIN, M., NICODANO, G. & SEMBENELLI A. 2005. Public policy and the creation of active venture capital markets. Journal of Public Economics. Article in press.

DUSHNITSKY, G. & LENOX, M.J. 2005. When do incumbents learn from entrepreneurial ventures? Corporate venture capital and investing firm innovation rates. Research Policy, 34:615-639.

GREGORIO, D.D. & SHANE, S. 2003. Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy, 32:209-227.

GRUNDLING, J.P. & STEYNBERG, L. 2006. MTech Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Techniques VA. Pretoria: Centre for Entrepreneurship, Tshwane University of Technology.

HARRIS, S., FORBES, T & FLETCHER, M. 2000. Taught and enacted strategic approaches in young enterprises. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(3):125-145.

IRELAND, R.D., KURATKO, D.F. & AND MORRIS, M.H. 2006. A health audit for corporate entrepreneurship: Innovation at all levels. Part 1. Journal of Business Strategy, 27(1):10-17.

JOHNSON, J.M.G. 1987. Entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes: A comparative causal mapping study. Journal of Management Studies, 34(6):895-920.

LIN, B-W., LI, P-C. & CHEN, J.S. 2004. Social capital. Capabilities, and entrepreneurial strategies: A study of Taiwanese high-tech new ventures. Technological Forecasting and social change. Article in press.

MARKMAN, G.D. & BARON, R.A. 2003. Person-entrepreneurship fit: Why some people are more successful as entrepreneurs than others. Human Resource Management Review, 13:281-301.

SINGAPORE STATISTICS. 2006. www//singstat.gov.sg/keystats/annual/indicators.html# economic%20indicators Accessed on 28/01/06.

VENKATARAMAN, S. 2003. Regional transformation through technological entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing. 19:153-167.


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